1.8的源码分析在这里:
jdk1.7的map接口结构:
jdk1.8的map接口结构:
hashMap继承关系:
hashTable继承结构:
concurrentHashMap继承关系:
哈哈,我比较懒,不想画图,自行脑补三者关系。
几个关键字说明:
//map 初始化容量,即数组大小static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 1 << 4; // aka 16//最大容量static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;//默认加载因子static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;//承载量=容量*加载因子int threshold;//加载因子final float loadFactor;//map结构变更过的次数transient int modCount;//声明的表,初始化为空transient Entry[] table = (Entry []) EMPTY_TABLE;// key-map键值对的个数,不能大于承载量transient int size;
Mapparam = new HashMap<>();
new一个对象,我们看看hashmap做了什么:
public HashMap() { this(DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);}
public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) { if (initialCapacity < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " + initialCapacity); if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY; if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor)) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " + loadFactor); this.loadFactor = loadFactor;//初始化加载因子 threshold = initialCapacity;//初始化承载量,16 init();//供子类扩展的方法}
可以看出,只初始化了加载因子和承载量。
下面分析,put() 和 remove方法。
put():
public V put(K key, V value) { if (table == EMPTY_TABLE) {//初始化数组,容量为16 inflateTable(threshold);//初始化table数组,源码在下面 } if (key == null) return putForNullKey(value);//如果key为空,则 int hash = hash(key);//根据key求出hash值 int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);//求出在数组中的位置 for (HashMap.Entrye = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {//遍历链表找出对应的key,覆盖原有的value Object k; if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) { V oldValue = e.value; e.value = value; e.recordAccess(this); return oldValue; } } //如果没找到,则新增一个Entry,结构改变,modCount加一 modCount++; addEntry(hash, key, value, i);//源码解释在下面 return null;}
//取hash值得算法final int hash(Object k) { int h = hashSeed; if (0 != h && k instanceof String) { return sun.misc.Hashing.stringHash32((String) k); } h ^= k.hashCode(); h ^= (h >>> 20) ^ (h >>> 12); return h ^ (h >>> 7) ^ (h >>> 4);}
private V putForNullKey(V value) { for (Entrye = table[0]; e != null; e = e.next) {//遍历链表,如果找到key值为null,将value赋值给对应的key if (e.key == null) { V oldValue = e.value; e.value = value; e.recordAccess(this); return oldValue; } } //如果没找到,链表会增加一个节点,结构变化了,modCount加一 modCount++; addEntry(0, null, value, 0);//添加一个key为null,值为value的Entry,源码向下看 return null;}
void addEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) { if ((size >= threshold) && (null != table[bucketIndex])) {//判断是不是需要扩容,扩容以后需要重新算hash值和数组下标位置 resize(2 * table.length); hash = (null != key) ? hash(key) : 0; bucketIndex = indexFor(hash, table.length);//源码向下看 } createEntry(hash, key, value, bucketIndex);//源码向下看}
static int indexFor(int h, int length) { // assert Integer.bitCount(length) == 1 : "length must be a non-zero power of 2"; return h & (length-1);//查找entry在数组中存放的位置}
void createEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) { Entrye = table[bucketIndex];//bucketIndex位置值赋值给e table[bucketIndex] = new Entry<>(hash, key, value, e);//new 一个Entry放在bucketIndex size++;}
remove():
public V remove(Object key) { Entrye = removeEntryForKey(key); return (e == null ? null : e.value); }
final HashMap.EntryremoveEntryForKey(Object key) { if (size == 0) {//size表示hashmap中 HashMap.Entry对象的个数,如果为零,表示空map return null; } int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : hash(key);//根据key求出hash值 int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);//求出元素在哪个数组位置 HashMap.Entry prev = table[i];//取出对应的链表 HashMap.Entry e = prev;//遍历用,存储遍历元素的前一个元素或者当前entry while (e != null) { HashMap.Entry next = e.next; Object k; if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) {//遍历链表,找到对应的key modCount++;//找到对应的元素,map结构改变一次,modCount加一 size--;//HashMap.Entry对象的个数减一 if (prev == e)//如果当前entry就是要找的,直接将下一个entry放在数组对应位置,(要删除元素在链表头部) table[i] = next; else prev.next = next;//从中间删除节点,直接让被删元素上一个entry指向它的下一个entry e.recordRemoval(this);//这个不知道干嘛的 return e; } //如果当前节点不是要找的元素,继续遍历链表 prev = e; e = next; } return e;}
private void inflateTable(int toSize) { // Find a power of 2 >= toSize int capacity = roundUpToPowerOf2(toSize);//初始化容量,默认为16 threshold = (int) Math.min(capacity * loadFactor, MAXIMUM_CAPACITY + 1);//初始化承载量 table = new Entry[capacity];//初始化table数组 initHashSeedAsNeeded(capacity);//这个暂时不做解释}
private static int roundUpToPowerOf2(int number) { // assert number >= 0 : "number must be non-negative"; return number >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY ? MAXIMUM_CAPACITY : (number > 1) ? Integer.highestOneBit((number - 1) << 1) : 1;//初始化table容量,保证容量是2的幂次}
//扩容 当元素数量>=承载量时,进行扩容void resize(int newCapacity) { Entry[] oldTable = table; int oldCapacity = oldTable.length; if (oldCapacity == MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {//容量为2的幂次,最大为2的30次方,所以一直扩容肯定有等于最大幂次的时候 threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;//这时就把Integer的最大值给承载量 return; } Entry[] newTable = new Entry[newCapacity];//创建新的table transfer(newTable, initHashSeedAsNeeded(newCapacity));//判断新的table中的元素是否需要重新求hash值,源码在下面 table = newTable;//数组扩容赋值给table threshold = (int)Math.min(newCapacity * loadFactor, MAXIMUM_CAPACITY + 1);//算出新的承载量}
void transfer(Entry[] newTable, boolean rehash) { int newCapacity = newTable.length; for (Entrye : table) {// 遍历旧表,如果需要重新求hash值就进行rehash操作 while(null != e) { Entry next = e.next; if (rehash) { e.hash = null == e.key ? 0 : hash(e.key); } int i = indexFor(e.hash, newCapacity); e.next = newTable[i]; newTable[i] = e; e = next; } }}
//这段没看懂,大体意思是初始化好数据,如果需要则作为是否进行rehash的条件final boolean initHashSeedAsNeeded(int capacity) { boolean currentAltHashing = hashSeed != 0; boolean useAltHashing = sun.misc.VM.isBooted() && (capacity >= Holder.ALTERNATIVE_HASHING_THRESHOLD); boolean switching = currentAltHashing ^ useAltHashing; if (switching) { hashSeed = useAltHashing ? sun.misc.Hashing.randomHashSeed(this) : 0; } return switching;}
所以,1.7和1.8的hashmap到底有哪些不同呢: 1.hash的取值算法不同 2.求数组下标的算法不同 3.1.8的实体是Node继承了entry,链表长度大于8的时候转换为红黑树。